In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations (ECOPD), characterized
by an acute deterioration in respiratory symptoms, are fundamental events impacting …

Increasing evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
complex disease involving more than airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction has profound …

Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting
bronchodilators to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with …

Importance Exacerbations of respiratory symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) have profound and long-lasting adverse effects on patients. Objective To test the …

Rationale: Exacerbations are key drivers of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: We compared the relative efficacy of the long-acting …

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an
accelerated decline in lung function. No drug has been shown conclusively to reduce this …

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of
morbidity, mortality, and resource use worldwide. The goal of this Official American Thoracic …

Background Tiotropium is an anticholinergic agent which has gained widespread
acceptance as a once daily maintenance therapy for symptoms and exacerbations of stable …

Context Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely
used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the …

COPD is characterized by a poorly reversible airflow limitation resulting from chronic
inflammation, mainly due to tobacco exposure. Over the past few years, the understanding of …