Over the next several years, the proportion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in road tunnels
is anticipated to increase as governments throughout the world promote BEVs to minimize …

Fire is the foremost critical event for road tunnels' safety. Therefore, the European
Commission introduced the Directive 2004/54/EC for enhancing tunnels' safety since they …

In order to solve the problems of excessive blasting dust concentration and portal pollution
in a metro tunnel of a central urban area, a new spray device is discussed and its related …

Reduced scale experiments in a branched tunnel were carried out to study the variation of
the maximum gas excess temperature beneath the ceiling and temperature profile under …

Toxic smoke is one of the main threats to people trapped in tunnel fires. Propagation
characteristics of smoke flow differ between curved and straight tunnels, depending on the …

Extensive studies have been conducted on critical velocity in ordinary single tunnels while
still lacking the direct guidance for smoke confinement in connected metro tunnels, which is …

Curved tunnels are more likely to have an accident and a fire source due to their physical
characteristics. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics tool with body-fitted grids, three …

This paper experimentally investigated the maximum temperature of smoke flow under the
ceiling with the combined effect of ceiling mechanical exhaust system and longitudinal …

The special linear shape of spiral tunnel changes the air flow structure during tunnel
construction and changes the diffuse and distribution of blasting dust. Mastering the blasting …

Reduced scale experiments in a T-shaped branched tunnel with different branch slopes
(0%, 6% and 9%) were carried out to study the variation of temperature profile beneath the …