Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) has infected human beings for thousands of years,
but knowledge about the infection and its pathogenesis is only recently emerging. The virus …

To replicate their genomes in cells and generate new progeny, viruses typically require
factors provided by the cells that they have infected. Subversion of the cellular machinery …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) varies little in sequence compared with human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and it is difficult to detect HTLV-1 mRNA, proteins or …

T-cell transformation by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) involves
deregulation of cellular transcription factors, including members of the NF-κB family. In …

HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), the neurological syndrome
TSP/HAM and certain other clinical disorders. The viral Tax protein is considered to play a …

Disruption of transcriptional control of cellular genes by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1
(HTLV-1) is thought to be associated, at least in part, with the development of adult T-cell …

Evidence from population genetics, gene expression microarrays, and assays of ex vivo T-
cell function indicates that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to human T …

In adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells, a defective human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
provirus lacking the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR), designated type 2 defective provirus, is …

Activation of T-lymphocytes requires stimulation of T-cell receptors (TCR) and co-stimulatory
signals. Among different signalling cascades, TCR engagement induces Ca 2+ entry …

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the relative percentage of malignant
lymphoid proliferations varies widely according to geographical location and ethnic …