We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

The impact of climate change on the environment, biosphere, and biodiversity has become
more evident in the recent years. Human activities have increased atmospheric …

Improved knowledge of glacial-to-interglacial global temperature change yields Charney
(fast-feedback) equilibrium climate sensitivity 1.2±0.3° C (2σ) per W/m2, which is 4.8° C±1.2° …

While climate change mitigation targets necessarily concern maximum mean state changes,
understanding impacts and developing adaptation strategies will be largely contingent on …

The emerging environmental awareness of the public, as well as the implementation of
governmental regulations, force organisations to employ corporate environmental practices …

By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past,
current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become …

Many studies have shown that greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced global warming may lead to
increased surface aridity and more droughts in the twenty-first century due to decreased …

New observations and new research have increased our understanding of past, current, and
future climate change since the Third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3) was …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black
carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties …