BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is expressed and secreted in
response to inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, telomere erosion, and oncogene …

The atria provide an important contribution to cardiac function. 1, 2 Besides their impact on
ventricular filling, they serve as a volume reservoir, host pacemaker cells and important parts …

Komisję ESC ds. Wytycznych Postępowania nadzoruje i koordynuje przygotowywanie
nowych wytycznych i stanowisk przez grupy robocze i inne grupy ekspertów. Komitet jest …

The atria provide an important contribution to cardiac function. 1, 2 Besides their impact on
ventricular filling, they serve as a volume reservoir, host pacemaker cells and important parts …

Background The benefit of oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation is based on a balance
between reduction in ischaemic stroke and increase in major bleeding. We aimed to …

Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, which is currently
estimated by clinical characteristics. The cardiac biomarkers N-terminal fragment B-type …

Aims The global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus entering human
cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cell surface receptor. ACE2 is …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically relevant arrhythmia, but the methods
available for treating AF and its complications (of which the most important is …

This paper discusses the evolving concept of atrial myopathy by presenting how it develops
and how it affects the properties of the atria. It also reviews the complex relationships among …

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly
expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular …