This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

The essential goal of vaccination is to generate potent and long-term protection against
diseases. Among different vaccine modalities, prime-boost vaccine strategies could …

Summary The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B. 1.1. 529) contains mutations that mediate
escape from antibody responses, although the extent to which these substitutions in spike …

Identification of the transmitted/founder virus makes possible, for the first time, a genome-
wide analysis of host immune responses against the infecting HIV-1 proteome. A complete …

With very few adjuvants currently being used in marketed human vaccines, a critical need
exists for novel immunopotentiators and delivery vehicles capable of eliciting humoral …

Rationale: A high proportion of influenza infections are asymptomatic. Animal and human
challenge studies and observational studies suggest T cells protect against disease among …

HIV is a disease in which the original clinical observations of severe opportunistic infections
gave the first clues regarding the underlying pathology, namely that HIV is essentially an …

Self-amplifying messenger RNA (mRNA) of positive-strand RNA viruses are effective vectors
for in situ expression of vaccine antigens and have potential as a new vaccine technology …

A major limitation of current humanized mouse models is that they primarily enable the
analysis of human-specific pathogens that infect hematopoietic cells. However, most human …

HIV-1 accumulates mutations in and around reactive epitopes to escape recognition and
killing by CD8+ T cells. Measurements of HIV-1 time to escape should therefore provide …