Intrinsic spinal networks, known as central pattern generators (CPGs), control the timing and
pattern of the muscle activity underlying locomotion in mammals. This review discusses new …

If exercises are performed to increase muscle strength on one side of the body, voluntary
strength can increase on the contralateral side. This effect, termed the contralateral strength …

Locomotion in mammals relies on a central pattern-generating circuitry of spinal
interneurons established during development that coordinates limb movement. These …

Interactions between cervical and lumbar spinal circuits are mediated by long propriospinal
neurons (LPNs). Ablation of descending LPNs in mice disturbs left-right coordination at high …

C. elegans is widely used to dissect how neural circuits and genes generate behavior.
During locomotion, worms initiate backward movement to change locomotion direction …

The organization of neural circuits that form the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG)
and provide flexor–extensor and left–right coordination of neuronal activity remains largely …

This review revolves primarily around segmental feedback systems established by muscle
spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents, as well as spinal recurrent inhibition via Renshaw …

The loss of walking after human spinal cord injury has been attributed to the dominance of
supraspinal over spinal mechanisms. The evidence for central pattern generation in humans …

This review summarises features of networks of commissural interneurones co-ordinating
muscle activity on both sides of the body as an example of feline elementary spinal …

During neuronal circuit formation, axons are guided to their targets by the help of axon
guidance molecules, which are required for establishing functional circuits. A promising …