As a complex multicellular structure of the vascular system at the central nervous system
(CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the CNS from the system circulation and …

Fever is a common symptom of infectious and inflammatory disease. It is well-established
that prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator of fever, which by binding to its EP3 receptor …

Microglia are activated in many neurological diseases and have been suggested to play an
important role in the development of affective disorders including major depression. To …

Aversion refers to feelings of strong dislike or avoidance toward particular stimuli or
situations. Aversion can be caused by pain stimuli and has a long-term negative impact on …

Fever is known to be elicited by prostaglandin E2 acting on the brain, but its origin has
remained disputed. We show in mice that selective deletion of prostaglandin synthesis in …

Background Phobic anxiety present after stroke (called poststroke anxiety, PSA) can hamper
the rehabilitation of patients and disrupt their usual activities. Besides, the symptoms and …

It is increasingly evident that bidirectional gut-brain signaling provides a communication
pathway that uses neural, hormonal, and immunological routes to regulate homeostatic …

Nowadays, osteoarthritis (OA), a common, multifactorial musculoskeletal disease, is
considered to have a low-grade inflammatory pathogenetic component. Lately …

Central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis, resulting
from the blood-borne spread of specific microorganisms, provoke nervous tissue damage …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly recognized as key immune
molecules that participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Previous studies …