Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external
environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid …

Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of
sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the …

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated bone-resorbing cells formed by the fusion of monocyte/
macrophage-derived precursors that are thought to undergo apoptosis once resorption is …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting joints and
causing progressive damage and disability. Macrophages are of critical importance in the …

Macrophage has been gradually recognized as a central regulator in tissue regeneration,
and the study of how macrophage mediates biomaterials-induced bone regeneration …

An appropriate immune microenvironment, governed by macrophages, is essential for rapid
tissue regeneration after biomaterial implantation. The macrophage phenotypes, M1 …

The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells
(osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones …

Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from
phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A …

Formations of myofibers, osteoclasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fertilized zygotes share a
common step, cell–cell fusion. Recent years have brought about considerable progress in …

Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and
deterioration of bone structure leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures, represents …