Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

The photosystems (PS), catalyzing the photosynthetic reactions of higher plants, are
unevenly distributed in the thylakoid membrane: PSII, together with its light harvesting …

Drought is a major abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development. Despite this, a
comprehensive understanding of drought effects on the photosynthetic apparatus is lacking …

The higher plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane system performs the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis. These provide the ATP and NADPH required for the fixation of …

Photosystem I (PSI) is a pigment-protein complex required for the light-dependent reactions
of photosynthesis and participates in light-harvesting and redox-driven chloroplast …

In plants, the stacking of part of the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane generates two main
subcompartments: the stacked grana core and unstacked stroma lamellae. However, a third …

The light reactions of photosynthesis, which include light-harvesting and charge separation,
take place in the amphiphilic environment of the thylakoid membrane. The light-harvesting …

The amount of light energy received by the photosynthetic reaction centers photosystem II
(PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) is balanced through state transitions. Reversible …

Plants are sessile organisms and need to acclimate to ever-changing light conditions in
order to survive. These changes trigger a dynamic reorganization of the membrane protein …

Photosystem I (PSI) is a major player in the light reactions of photosynthesis. In higher
plants, it consists of a core complex and four external antennae, Lhca1–4 forming the PSI …