For the last two decades, pathogenic concepts in Parkinson disease (PD) have revolved
around the toxicity and spread of α-synuclein. Thus, α-synuclein would follow caudo-rostral …

This article describes research criteria and probability methodology for the diagnosis of
prodromal PD. Prodromal disease refers to the stage wherein early symptoms or signs of PD …

The sense of smell is interrelated with psychosocial functioning. Olfactory disorders often
decrease quality of life but treatment options for people with olfactory loss are limited …

Efforts to develop neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson disease (PD) are focusing on the
early stages of disease, which offer the best opportunity to intervene. Early PD can be …

The development of α‐synuclein immunoreactive aggregates in selectively vulnerable
neuronal types of the human central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems is crucial for …

Abstract Purpose of Review The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in
aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases …

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1–2 per 1000 of the population at any time. PD prevalence
is increasing with age and PD affects 1% of the population above 60 years. The main …

Background A Task Force was convened by the EFNS/MDS‐ES Scientist Panel on P
arkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders to systemically review relevant …

Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are
accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory …

The past decade has seen a dramatic expansion of the field of prodromal PD. Ten years
ago, there were only six known prodromal markers of disease, none of which had more than …