SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Purpose As a result of multilateral migration and globalization in times of humanitarian
crises, western countries face a possible increase in the incidence of central nervous system …

The WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis (TB), Module 4: Treatment-Drug-
Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment 2022 update informs health care professionals in Member …

Executive summary Tuberculosis (TB) strains with drug resistance (DR-TB) are more difficult
to treat than drug-susceptible ones, and threaten global progress towards the targets set by …

Background: The American Thoracic Society, US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America …

Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and
Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline …

Summary Since the 2009 Lancet Health in South Africa Series, important changes have
occurred in the country, resulting in an increase in life expectancy to 60 years. Historical …

Background. Based on a hollow-fiber system model of tuberculosis, we hypothesize that
microbiologic failure and acquired drug resistance are primarily driven by low drug …

Background Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing …

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indicated during tuberculosis treatment in
patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the timing for the …