Animal 'personality', defined as repeatable inter-individual differences in behaviour, is a
concept in biology that faces intense controversy. Critics argue that the field is riddled with …

Behavioral responses to novel situations often vary and can belong to a suite of correlated
behaviors. Characteristic behaviors of different personality types (eg stress coping styles) …

Individual repeatability (R), defined as the proportion of observed variance attributable to
among-individual differences, is a widely used summary statistic in evolutionarily motivated …

Several zebrafish strains such as AB, Tübingen (TU), Wild India Kolkata (WIK) and Tupfel
long fin (TL) have been established for genetic study. Each strain has its morphological and …

The contribution of new mutations to phenotypic variation and the consequences of this
variation for individual fitness are fundamental concepts for understanding genetic variation …

Turbidity represents an obstacle to visual acuity underwater that might entail considerable
consequences for multiple faunal traits. Morphology, especially eye size, could be adjusted …

Annual hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay has expanded to the point where Darwinian fitness
of juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis) may depend on their ability to perform in low …

Glucocorticoid (GC) stress hormones are well-known for their impact on phenotypic traits
ranging from immune function to behaviour and cognition. For that reason, consistent …

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are characterized by dimorphism for reproductive
phenotypes (ie tactical dimorphism). Tactical dimorphism often evolves as a response to …

Variation in rates of water loss has been proposed to be an important mechanism in the
survival of terrestrial organisms, as high rates of water loss in desiccating environments may …