The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a paradigmatic photoperiodic species that exhibits a
remarkable annual life cycle, which is tightly coupled to the seasonal changes in day length …

Highlights•The insect circadian coupling factor PDF is the functional orthologue of VIP in the
mammalian circadian clock.•Neuropeptidergic pacemaker neurons express ultradian and …

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) plays a pivotal role in the circadian clock
of most Ecdysozoa and is additionally involved in the timing of seasonal responses of …

Arthropods typically possess two types of eyes—compound eyes, and the ocellar, so
called'median eyes'. Only trilobites, an important group of arthropods during the Palaeozoic …

Abstract Onychophorans, or “velvet worms”(Fig. 4.1), are multi-legged, terrestrial
invertebrates that inhabit decaying logs, soil, and leaf litter of tropical and temperate forests …

Circadian clocks prepare the organism to cyclic environmental changes in light,
temperature, or food availability. Here, we characterized the master clock in the brain of a …

The success of scientists in revealing biological mechanisms has depended in large part on
choosing tractable model systems. In 1997, molecular phylogenetics revealed that two of …

Intermediate filament (IF) proteins, including nuclear lamins and cytoplasmic IF proteins, are
essential cytoskeletal components of bilaterian cells. Despite their important role in …

Understanding the origin and evolution of arthropods requires examining their closest
outgroups, the tardigrades (water bears) and onychophorans (velvet worms). Despite the …

Tardigrades are a key group for understanding the evolution of the Ecdysozoa, a large clade
of molting animals that also includes arthropods and nematodes. However, little is known …