Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

The cholinergic system plays an essential role in brain development, physiology, and
pathophysiology. Herein, we review how specific alterations in this system, through genetic …

Epilepsy is a common brain disorder characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures with
neuronal hyperexcitability. Apart from the classical imbalance between excitatory …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels
involved in the modulation of essential brain functions such as memory, learning, and …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of complex neurodevelopmental diseases that
include impaired social interaction, delayed and disordered language, repetitive or …

Secreted and membrane-tethered mammalian neuromodulators from the Ly6/uPAR family
are involved in regulation of many physiological processes. Some of them are expressed in …

Compartmentalization, together with transbilayer and lateral asymmetries, provide the
structural foundation for functional specializations at the cell surface, including the active …

Introduction Recent studies have found that persistent hypoxia caused by chronic asthma,
especially during childhood, affects the development and function of the brain, but the …

The insular cortex (IC) has been linked to the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive
signals associated with addictive behavior. However, whether the IC modulates the …

Dendritic spines are small, thin, hair-like protrusions found on the dendritic processes of
neurons. They serve as independent compartments providing large amplitudes of Ca2+ …