IL (interleukin)-6 is a pivotal cytokine of innate immunity, which enacts a broad set of
physiological functions traditionally associated with host defense, immune cell regulation …

Patients with cardiovascular disease and, namely, heart failure are more susceptible to
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and have a more severe clinical course once …

Aims To compare demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes of
patients with and without concomitant cardiac disease, hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brescia …

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. Up to 60% of patients
with coronary artery disease, and an even higher proportion of those with heart failure (HF) …

It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic
inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our …

The incidence and prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
continue to rise in tandem with the increasing age and burdens of obesity, sedentariness …

A close and intriguing relationship has been suggested between heart failure (HF) and
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). First, COVID-19 pandemic represented a global …

Iron is an essential micronutrient for a myriad of physiological processes in the body beyond
erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure …

In advanced atherosclerosis (AS), defective function-induced cell death leads to the
formation of the characteristic necrotic core and vulnerable plaque. The forms and …

Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease is a collective term for cardiovascular disease and
cerebrovascular disease, being a serious threat to human health. A growing number of …