Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral
organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of …

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases
such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by, so far, unknown
pathogenetic mechanisms. There is no doubt that pro-inflammatory immune-mediated …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in
dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms …

Although death is inevitable, individuals have long sought to alter the course of the ageing
process. Indeed, ageing has proved to be modifiable; by intervening in biological systems …

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that immune system dysfunction has a role in Parkinson
disease (PD); this evidence includes clinical and genetic associations between autoimmune …

Multifactorial diseases are characterized by inter-individual variation in etiology, age of
onset, and penetrance. These diseases tend to be relatively common and arise from the …

Neuroinflammation is one of the host defensive mechanisms through which the nervous
system protects itself from pathogenic and or infectious insults. Moreover, neuroinflammation …

We performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies to quantify the magnitude of the
association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and risk of hip fracture. Patients with PPIs …