Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that complicates the course and worsens the
outcome in a significant number of hospitalised patients. Recent advances in clinical and …

Intravenous fluid therapy is one of the most common interventions in acutely ill patients.
Each day, over 20% of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) receive intravenous fluid …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid increase in serum creatinine, decrease in
urine output, or both. AKI occurs in approximately 10–15% of patients admitted to hospital …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and subsequently
worsens outcomes. Although many drugs to prevent and treat AKI have shown benefits in …

Over the past decade, science has greatly advanced our understanding of interdependent
feedback mechanisms involving the heart, lung, and kidney. Organ injury is the …

Background Organ crosstalk can be defined as the complex and mutual biological
communication between distant organs mediated by signaling factors. Normally, crosstalk …

Heart failure—either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)—is a
clinical syndrome of multifactorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the …

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as progressive, combined cardiac and renal
dysfunction. In this mini review, a historical note on CRS is presented, the pathomechanisms …

Acute heart failure constitutes a heterogeneous clinical syndrome, whose pathophysiology
is complex and not completely understood. Given the diversity of clinical presentations …

Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 (Type 1) is a specific condition which is characterized by a
rapid worsening of cardiac function leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Even though its …