Psychological stress elicits measurable changes in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance
and the tone of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which might negatively affect the …

Reactions to stress vary between individuals, and physiological and behavioral responses
tend to be associated in distinct suites of correlated traits, often termed stress-coping styles …

Inter-individual touch can be a desirable reward that can both relieve negative affect and
evoke strong feelings of pleasure. However, if other sensory cues indicate it is undesirable …

Opium, the dried juice of the seedpod of the opium poppy, has been used for the relief of
pain and suffering for several thousand years. Many opioid drugs are still derived from …

Human behaviours and experiences are generated by biological processes, primarily within
the brain. On this basis, we may assume that the regularities in these behaviours and …

As a primary target for opioid drugs and peptides, the mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) plays a
key role in pain perception and addiction. Genetic variants of OPRM1 have been implicated …

This study examined the association between two specific polymorphisms of the gene
encoding the μ-opioid receptor and treatment outcomes in alcohol-dependent patients who …

Addictive diseases, including addiction to heroin, prescription opioids, or cocaine, pose
massive personal and public health costs. Addictions are chronic relapsing diseases of the …

Background Human affective responses appear to be regulated by limbic and paralimbic
circuits. However, much less is known about the neurochemical systems engaged in this …

Context Naltrexone hydrochloride treatment for alcohol dependence works for some
individuals but not for everyone. Asn40Asp, a functional polymorphism of the μ-opioid …