The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs,
mass coral bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean …

A common challenge in species conservation and management is how to incorporate
species movements into management objectives. There often is a lack of knowledge of …

Mutualisms, interactions between two species that benefit both of them, have long captured
the public imagination. Their influence transcends levels of biological organization from cells …

Connectivity is classically considered an emergent property of landscapes encapsulating
individuals' flows across space. However, its operational use requires a precise …

Well‐designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools
for both fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an area-based conservation strategy commonly used to
safeguard marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological connectivity governs the …

The UN's globally adopted Convention on Biological Diversity coverage target for marine
protected areas (MPAs) is≥ 10% by 2020. In 2014, the World Parks Congress …

Marine reserves, areas closed to all forms of fishing, continue to be advocated and
implemented to supplement fisheries and conserve populations [1–4]. However, although …

The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all
plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in …

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and
less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial …