Plastid genes are transcribed by two types of RNA polymerase in angiosperms: the bacterial
type plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and one (RPOTp in monocots) or two (RPOTp …

Although genomes of mitochondria and plastids are very small compared to those of their
bacterial ancestors, the transcription machineries of these organelles are of surprising …

RNA modification C 2-methyladenosine (m2A) exists in both rRNA and tRNA of Escherichia
coli (E. coli), installed by the methyltransferase RlmN using a radical-S-adenosylmethionine …

Chloroplasts are the sunlight-collecting organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes that
energetically drive the biosphere of our planet. They are the base for all major food webs by …

RNA, the earliest genetic and catalytic molecule, has a relatively delicate and labile
chemical structure, when compared to DNA. It is prone to be damaged by alkali, heat …

Recent advances in our understanding of epitranscriptomic RNA methylation have
expanded the complexity of gene expression regulation beyond epigenetic regulation …

Mitochondria are key sites for cellular energy metabolism and are essential to cell survival.
As descendants of eubacterial symbionts (specifically α-proteobacteria), mitochondria …

The advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection
methods of RNA modifications has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation …

The mitochondrial DNA mutation m. 1555A> G predisposes to hearing loss following
aminoglycoside antibiotic exposure in an idiosyncratic dose-independent manner. However …

Phytohormones control growth and development of plants. Their effects on the expression of
nuclear genes are well investigated. Although they influence plastid-related processes, it is …