The crustacean swimmeret system includes a distributed set of local circuits that individually
control movements of one jointed limb. These modular local circuits occur in pairs in each …

This review summarizes the contribution to neurobiology achieved through the use of
invertebrate preparations in the second half of the 20th century. This fascinating period was …

Interactions among rhythmically active neuronal circuits that oscillate at different frequencies
are important for generating complex behaviors, yet little is known about the underlying …

Neuroethology, an interdisciplinary subdivision of neuroscience, has emerged in recent
years. Since 1976 there has been a regular session under this heading at the annual …

SUMMARY The American lobster (Homarus americanus) displays a diverse set of
locomotory behaviours that includes tail flips, walking and paddling. Paddling is carried out …

Clemens, Stefan, Denis Combes, Pierre Meyrand, and John Simmers. Long-term expression
of two interacting motor pattern-generating networks in the stomatogastric system of freely …

The medicinal leech crawls along a solid substrate by repeated alternating extensions and
shortenings of the body. Extension occurs with the posterior sucker attached and the head …

This article reviews the principles that rule the organization of motor commands that have
been described over the past five decades in crayfish. The adaptation of motor behaviors …

Synaptic feedback from rhythmically active neuronal circuits commonly causes their
descending inputs to exhibit the rhythmic activity pattern generated by that circuit. In most …

The biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) are well known modulators of
central pattern-generating networks responsible for vertebrate locomotion. Here we have …