In biological systems, carbon dioxide exists in equilibrium with bicarbonate and protons. The
individual components of this equilibrium (ie, CO 2, HCO 3−, and H+), which must be sensed …

Clinical assessment of acid-base disorders depends on measurements made in the blood,
part of the extracellular compartment. Yet much of the metabolic importance of these …

Acid evokes pain by exciting nociceptors; the acid sensors are proton-gated ion channels
that depolarize neurons. The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is exceptional in its …

When colonising host-niches or non-animated medical devices, individual cells of the fungal
pathogen Candida albicans expand into significant biomasses. Here we show that within …

The effect of hypercapnia on cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO 2) has
been a subject of intensive investigation and debate. Most applications of hypercapnia are …

Amino acid substitutions within the conserved polypeptide sequence of the insect olfactory
receptor co-receptor (Orco) have been demonstrated to influence its pharmacological …

The emergence of tumor-associated human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) as promising
therapeutic targets has urged rigorous research into the development of potent and selective …

Disruption of the alveolar–capillary barrier and accumulation of pulmonary edema, if not
resolved, result in poor alveolar gas exchange leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia, which …

The orexin system consists of the peptide transmitters orexin-A and-B and the G protein-
coupled orexin receptors OX1 and OX2. Orexin receptors are capable of coupling to all four …

The monitoring of the arterial and exhaled CO 2 is of great importance. Despite of many
reports on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in adsorbing and separating CO 2, the …