The conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly
contributes to mitigate climate change and its impacts, as well as providing numerous co …

Kelp forest ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services are declining around the
world. In response, marine managers are working to restore and counteract these declines …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

While marine kelp forests have provided valuable ecosystem services for millennia, the
global ecological and economic value of those services is largely unresolved. Kelp forests …

Canopy-forming macroalgae play a crucial role in coastal primary production and nutrient
cycling, providing food, shelter, nurseries, and habitat for many vertebrate and invertebrate …

Macroalgal forests characterised by species of the genus Cystoseira sensu lato form
important shallow coastal rocky habitats in the Mediterranean Sea. These forests support a …

Kelp and macroalgal forests provide the ecological foundations of many temperate rocky
reef ecosystems, but have regionally declined, often due to sea urchin overgrazing and the …

Sea urchin overgrazing is a leading cause of kelp forest loss and in such cases their
removal is increasingly advocated for kelp forest restoration. However, refining removal …

Surface-canopy forming kelps provide the foundation for ecosystems that are ecologically,
culturally, and economically important. However, these kelp forests are naturally dynamic …

Restoration of foundation species in historical habitat may be difficult if adult facilitation is
obligatory for survival of early life stages. On intertidal Mediterranean coasts, large‐scale …