Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and
current therapies that limit CKD progression and the development of cardiovascular disease …

Hypertension affects 30% of adults and is the leading risk factor for heart attack and stroke.
Traditionally, hypertension has been regarded as a disorder of two systems that are involved …

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that controls body fluid and electrolyte balance.
Excess aldosterone is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Inflammation …

Abstract TH17 cells (interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells) are highly
proinflammatory cells that are critical for clearing extracellular pathogens and for inducing …

The kidneys are frequently targeted by pathogenic immune responses against renal
autoantigens or by local manifestations of systemic autoimmunity. Recent studies in rodent …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, and its prevalence is
increasing. The ultimate therapeutic option for CKD is kidney transplantation. However, the …

The steroid hormone aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium homeostasis.
Aldosterone and activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor also causes inflammation and …

Many cardiovascular diseases and drug-induced complications are associated with-or even
based on-an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species …

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and a steroid hormone that plays a central role in
maintaining calcium-phosphorus and bone homeostasis in close interaction with parathyroid …

Research studying the role of inflammation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease has
flourished in recent years; however, the exact mechanisms by which the activated immune …