In this article, I review the social science literature on racial fluidity, the idea that race is
flexible and impermanent. I trace the ongoing evolution of racial classifications and …

In principle, experiments offer a straightforward method for social scientists to accurately
estimate causal effects. However, scholars often unwittingly distort treatment effect estimates …

Proposition 209 banned race-based affirmative action at California public universities in
1998. Using a difference-in-differences research design and a newly constructed …

The challenges for increasing opportunities and college access for black students typically
focus on the traditional barriers related to academic preparation, the racial gap in …

Scholars from across the social sciences argue that identities–such as race, ethnicity, and
gender–are highly influential over individuals' attitudes, actions, and evaluations …

This paper estimates the effects of statewide affirmative action bans on graduation rates
within colleges and on the fraction of college entrants who become graduates of selective …

Public policies intended to promote educational equity are common around the world. This
paper examines Brazil's experience with affirmative action (AA) in higher education, which …

This paper estimates the long-run impacts of banning affirmative action on men and women
from under-represented minority (URM) racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Using …

This paper investigates the effect of statewide affirmative action bans on minority STEM
degree completions at US public four-year colleges. The number of minority students …

In Brazil, different employers report different racial classifications for the same worker. We
use the variation in race across employers to estimate the relationship between race and …