In this review, we focus on significant developments in our understanding of the
mechanisms that control the cutaneous vasculature in humans, with emphasis on the …

This review focuses on the neural and local mechanisms that have been demonstrated to
effect cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in response to heat and cold stress in …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review presents an update and synthesis
of normal mechanisms of human cutaneous vasoconstriction in response to cold stress. It …

We tested for a nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction with
whole body progressive cooling in seven men. Forearm sites (< 1 cm2) were pretreated with …

Depolarization of the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells activates voltage-gated Ca2+
channels, influx of Ca2+ and activation of cross-bridge cycling by phosphorylation of myosin …

Previous studies have provided evidence of a non-noradrenergic contributor to reflex
cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans but did not identify the transmitter responsible. To test …

There are nineteen different receptor proteins for adenosine, adenine and uridine
nucleotides, and nucleotide sugars, belonging to three families of G protein-coupled …

Cutaneous vasoconstriction (VC) in response to cooling is attenuated in older humans;
however, mechanisms underlying this functional decline remain unclear. The present study …

Key points In hypertensive adults (HTN), cardiovascular risk increases disproportionately
during environmental cold exposure. Despite ample evidence of dysregulated sympathetic …

This review considers the expression and roles of P2X receptors in the cardiovascular
system in health and disease and their potential as therapeutic targets. P2X receptors are …