The amino acid sequence of a protein affects both its structure and its function. Thus, the
ability to modify the sequence, and hence the structure and activity, of individual proteins in …

Cytochromes P450 are ubiquitously distributed enzymes, which were discovered about 50
years ago and which possess high complexity and display a broad field of activity. They are …

Evolution occurs when selective pressures from the environment shape inherited variation
over time. Within the laboratory, evolution is commonly used to engineer proteins and RNA …

Enzymes have the potential to catalyse a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are
increasingly being sought as environmentally friendly and cost‐effective alternatives to …

Directed evolution is a common technique to engineer enzymes for a diverse set of
applications. Structural information and an understanding of how proteins respond to …

Directed molecular evolution and combinatorial methodologies are playing an increasingly
important role in the field of protein engineering. The general approach of generating a …

We present a simple theory that uses thermodynamic parameters to predict the probability
that a protein retains the wild-type structure after one or more random amino acid …

Recent advances in the development of both experimental and computational protein
engineering tools have enabled a number of further successes in the development of …

Enzymes are an attractive alternative in the asymmetric syntheses of chiral building blocks.
To meet the requirements of industrial biotechnology and to introduce new functionalities …

This review describes the status of the fields of biocatalysts and enzymes, as well as existing
drawbacks, and recent advances in the areas deemed to represent drawbacks. Although …