Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs,
targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first …

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Metastasis is the
leading cause of high mortality in most cancers. Although predicting the early stage of breast …

Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH) has become the leading
cause of liver disease worldwide. NASH, an advanced form of NAFL, can be progressive …

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated
their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and …

Despite the success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment, therapy-induced resistance
remains a major obstacle to a complete cure. Tumor cells evade treatments and relapse via …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors in
the world. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Systemic treatment, especially …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related
cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic …

Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between
cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poorly responsive to therapies and
histologically contains a paucity of neoplastic cells embedded within a dense desmoplastic …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor
development from initiation to metastasis. EMT could be regarded as a continuum, with …