Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In …

Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause of death due to gastrointestinal disease in
preterm neonates, affecting 5–12% of neonates born at a very-low birth weight. Necrotizing …

Background Brainstem-focused mechanisms supporting transcutaneous auricular VNS
(taVNS) effects are not well understood, particularly in humans. We employed ultrahigh field …

Nausea and vomiting are among the most frequently occurring symptoms observed by
clinicians. While advances have been made in understanding both the physiological as well …

The human brainstem plays a central role in connecting the cerebrum, the cerebellum and
the spinal cord to one another, hosting relay nuclei for afferent and efferent signaling, and …

Heart rate and blood pressure oscillate in phase with respiratory activity. A component of
these oscillations is generated centrally, with respiratory neurons entraining the activity of …

Key points Cardiac vagal tone is a strong predictor of health, although its central origins are
unknown. Respiratory‐linked fluctuations in cardiac vagal tone give rise to respiratory sinus …

Chronic diffuse pain disorders, such as fibromyalgia, and functional gastrointestinal
disorders (FGIDs), such as irritable bowel syndrome, place substantial burden on those …

Cardiac and respiratory activities are intricately linked both functionally as well as
anatomically through highly overlapping brainstem networks controlling these autonomic …

Research on respiratory sinus arrhythmia, or high-frequency heart rate variability (its
frequency-domain equivalent), has been popular in psychology and the behavioral sciences …