The establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP) in epithelial and mesenchymal cells is a
critical, evolutionarily conserved process during development and organogenesis. Analyses …

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role not only in embryonic development but
also in the maintenance and differentiation of the stem cells in adulthood. In particular, Wnt …

Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins form polarized cortical domains that govern polarity of
external structures such as hairs and cilia in both vertebrate and invertebrate epithelia. The …

Neural-tube closure is a critical step of embryogenesis, and its failure causes serious birth
defects. Coordination of two morphogenetic processes—convergent extension and neural …

Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane.
In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation …

The formation of skeletal muscle is a tightly regulated process that is critically modulated by
Wnt signaling. Myogenesis is dependent on the precise and dynamic integration of multiple …

Cadherins are Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in
animal morphogenesis. Various cadherin-related molecules have also been identified …

Cilia are important cellular structures that have been implicated in a variety of signaling
cascades. In this review, we discuss the current evidence for and against a link between cilia …

Primary cilia are microtubule‑based organelles that are expressed on almost all mammalian
cells. It has become apparent that these structures are important signaling hubs that serve …

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural organoids display unprecedented
emergent properties. Yet in contrast to the singular neuroepithelial tube from which the …