The development of culture-independent techniques for microbiological analysis has
uncovered the previously unappreciated complexity of the bacterial microbiome at various …

Culture-independent microbiological techniques have shown a previously unappreciated
complexity to the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract that forces reconsideration of …

Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17 (Suppl. 6): E1–E59 Abstract This document is an update of
Guidelines published in 2005 and now includes scientific publications through to May 2010 …

New molecular, cellular, and immunologic techniques used to study host–pathogen
interactions have led to a reexamination of the role of infection in chronic obstructive …

The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate
and adaptive inflammatory immune response to the inhalation of toxic particles and gases …

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with a
significant mortality, health and economic burden. Their diagnosis, assessment and …

Rationale: Characterization of bacterial populations in infectious respiratory diseases will
provide improved understanding of the relationship between the lung microbiota, disease …

Background The aetiology of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is incompletely
understood. Understanding the relationship between chronic bacterial airway infection and …

The term phenotype in the field of COPD is defined as “a single or combination of disease
attributes that describe differences between individuals with COPD as they relate to clinically …

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have innate immune
dysfunction in the lung largely due to defective macrophage phagocytosis. This deficiency …