Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However,
with development emanates its drawback ie, generation of a huge amount of wastewater …

Due to their versatility and the high biomass yield produced, cultivation of phototrophic
organisms is an increasingly important field. In general, open ponds are chosen to do it …

The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and rising greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions
have necessitated research into low-cost renewable energy sources, with a focus on algal …

An optimization strategy based on deep learning was developed for dual-impeller design in
a gas–liquid stirred tank. The optimization objective was to maximize the gas–liquid specific …

The heat transfer issue in stirred tanks is a prevalent concern in the industry. This article
aims to investigate the fluid flow and heat transfer within a stirred tank equipped with a …

A thermosiphon photobioreactor (TPBR) can potentially be used for biohydrogen production,
circumventing the requirement for external mixing energy inputs. In this study, a TPBR is …

We assess the cultivation of microalgae and possible improvements of photobioreactor
(PBR) design and operation. A systematic method based on numerical modeling and …

The objective of this study was to evaluate three most common scale-up criteria for
Haematococcus pluvialis production from cultivation bottles to 2 and 10 L of stirred tank …

Currently, most photobioreactors have been designed for cyanobacteria and green algae
with comparatively few designed for photofermentative hydrogen production by purple non …

The wave-driven floating photobioreactors (PBRs) with advantages of easy in scaling-up,
low energy inputs and low fabricating cost, hold great potential for massive and cost-energy …