This chapter begins with a summary of the initial findings on the effects of insula lesions on
smoking behavior as well as more recent human‐lesion studies that replicate and extend …

Addictions are often characterized as forms of impulsive behavior. That said, it is often noted
that impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, spanning several psychological domains …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 142 (9) of
Psychological Bulletin (see record 2016-39486-001). It should have been reported that the …

Involvement of dopamine in regulating exploration during decision-making has long been
hypothesized, but direct causal evidence in humans is still lacking. Here, we use a …

Despite aggressive efforts to contain it, methamphetamine use disorder continues to be
major public health problem; and with generic behavioral therapies still the mainstay of …

43 ever more important. Given how quickly an experience of nature can elicit a restorative
response, and that US businesses squander billions of dollars each year on lost productivity …

Importance Various neuropsychiatric disorders, especially addictions, feature impairments in
risky decision making; clarifying the neural mechanisms underlying this problem can inform …

Methamphetamine use disorder is associated with striatal dopaminergic deficits that have
been linked to poor treatment outcomes, identifying these deficits as an important …

Reward learning gives rise to strong attentional biases. Stimuli previously associated with
reward automatically capture visual attention regardless of intention [1–12]. Dopamine …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has
become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Its core symptoms, including difficulties regulating …