Generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for both physiology and pathology.
An imbalance between endogenous oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress …

Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies,
including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and …

Amplification of oxidative stress is present since the early stages of chronic kidney disease
(CKD), holding a key position in the pathogenesis of renal failure. Induction of renal pro …

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant
defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the …

Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially through the increase of type 2
diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy occurs in up to 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading …

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of
superoxide anion (O 2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix …

Podocyte injury is the major cause of proteinuria in primary glomerular diseases. Oxidative
stress has long been thought to play a role in triggering podocyte damage; however, the …

The field of free radical biology originated with the discovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD)
in 1969. Over the last 5 decades, a plethora of research has been performed in species …

Podocytes are unique, highly specialized, terminally differentiated cells that are integral
components of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Podocytes are vulnerable to a variety …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression via its
tubulotoxicity. After cellular uptake, IS directly induces apoptotic and necrotic cell death of …