This paper presents a review of techniques for field measurement of suction, water content,
and water hydraulic conductivity (permeability). Main problems in the use of field …

Due to the spurious peaks caused by multireflection and the randomness of the cable
transfer function, the frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) method based on Fourier …

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) can help observe the initiation and evolution of localized
shear planes in both rock and soil slopes, and has temporal and spatial resolutions suitable …

An innovative self-referencing time-domain reflectometry (TDR) dielectric spectroscopy
method is introduced. The method extracts the first reflection from a mismatched section …

Most dielectric spectroscopy techniques require careful system calibration, tedious
measurement, specially designed probes, precise input source, and some even involved …

When measuring soil water content by time domain reflectometry (TDR), several methods
are available for determining the related apparent dielectric constant (Ka) from the TDR …

A real-time and durable system for scour process monitoring with sufficient spatial precision
is in pressing need for bridge safety management. In light of this, an innovative bundled time …

Measuring rock elastic constants and anisotropy parameters and understanding their
changes in response to changes in pressure and temperature is crucial for modeling and …

Photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as a promising and significant renewable energy
source in recent decades. However, the assessment of the on-site power generation …

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a measurement technique based upon transmission line
theory. The solutions of transmission line equations are reformulated in terms of …