Brain function critically relies on blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients, to establish a
barrier for neurotoxic substances, and to clear waste products. The archetypal vascular …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of secretory molecules that act through
tyrosine kinase receptors known as FGF receptors. They play crucial roles in a wide variety …

Communication among cells was paramount to the evolutionary increase in cell type
diversity and, ultimately, the origin of large body size. Across the diversity of Metazoa, there …

Background Lung function measures reflect the physiological state of the lung, and are
essential to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The SpiroMeta …

Background and Purpose: Although VEGF165 (vascular endothelial growth factor-165) is
able to enhance both angiogenesis and neurogenesis, it also increases vascular …

Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms use minerals to form hard
structures that protect and support them. Biomineralization is believed to have evolved …

Regeneration of lost body parts is essential to regain the fitness of the organism for
successful living. In the animal kingdom, organisms from different clades exhibit varied …

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases are key regulators of
vascular development in vertebrates. Their activation is regulated through a family of …

Many animal species are capable of replacing missing tissues that are lost upon injury or
amputation through the process of regeneration. Although the extent of regeneration is …

The advent of next-generation sequencing tools has made it possible to conduct fine-scale
surveys of population differentiation and genome-wide scans for signatures of selection in …