BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is an independent cardiovascular risk
factor for the mother, and recent studies reveal that offspring of affected pregnancies also …

There are known sex specific differences in fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There
are also known differences in birthweight centile with males generally being larger than …

It is well understood that sex differences exist between females and males even before they
are born. These sex-dependent differences may contribute to altered growth and …

Biological differences between the sexes are apparent even from the early part of the
pregnancy. The crown-rump length is larger in male fetuses compared to females in the first …

Sex differences in human health and disease can range from undetectable to profound.
Differences in brain tumor rates and outcome are evident in males and females throughout …

Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition
and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition …

Although male–female differences in placental structure and function have been observed,
little is understood about their molecular underpinnings. Here, we present a mega-analysis …

Introduction Placental biometry at birth has been shown to predict chronic disease in later
life. We hypothesized that maternal overweight/obesity, a state of low-grade inflammation …

The incidence of maternal obesity and its co-morbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease)
continues to increase at an alarming rate, with major public health implications. In utero …

Background A preponderance of male fetuses in pregnancies complicated by pre‐
eclampsia was described over 40 years ago. Since then, however, there has been …