Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be involved in cell‐cell communication and
to take part in both physiological and pathological processes. Thanks to their exclusive …

The lungs are important organs that play a critical role in the development of specific
diseases, as well as responding to the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental …

Background: Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from anthropogenic or biogenic
gaseous precursors in the atmosphere substantially contribute to the ambient fine particulate …

Fetal bovine serum [FBS, also known as fetal calf serum (FCS)] is a popular supplement to
the basal medium used in cell and tissue culture. FBS is sourced from unborn calves at the …

The evaluation of inhalation toxicity, drug safety and efficacy assessment, as well as the
investigation of complex disease pathomechanisms, are increasingly relying on in vitro lung …

Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measures electrical resistance across epithelial
tissue barriers involving confluent layer (s) of cells. TEER values act as a prerequisite for …

The Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept aims to facilitate the development of safer
materials/products, safer production, and safer use and end-of-life by performing timely SbD …

Abstract The European Green Deal outlines ambitions to build a more sustainable, climate
neutral, and circular economy by 2050. To achieve this, the European Commission has …

Scientists are using in vitro methods to answer important research questions and
implementing strategies to maximize the reliability and human relevance of these methods …

Background The establishment of reliable and robust in vitro models for hazard assessment,
a prerequisite for moving away from animal testing, requires the evaluation of model …