Background: Accessible health information during pregnancy is important to positively affect
maternal and fetal health. However, the quality and accuracy of health information can …

Selection bias remains a subject of controversy. Existing definitions of selection bias are
ambiguous. To improve communication and the conduct of epidemiologic research focused …

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are often considered to be the highest quality of
evidence owing to the absence of baseline confounding, the simplicity of analyses, and …

Objectives. To examine whether, and if so how, US national and state survey response rates
changed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We compared the change in …

Objective To assess the associations between exposure to food additive emulsifiers and risk
of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting French NutriNet …

There has so far been no shared understanding of validity in agent-based simulation. We
here conceptualise validation as systematically substantiating the premises on which …

Classroom communication helps learners ameliorate their language proficiency, particularly
speaking skills. Considering this, factors that bring favorable variations in language learners' …

Background Non-random selection of analytic subsamples could introduce selection bias in
observational studies. We explored the potential presence and impact of selection in studies …

Causal decomposition analyses can help build the evidence base for interventions that
address health disparities (inequities). They ask how disparities in outcomes may change …

Bias could be defined as the tendency to be in favor or against a person or a group, thus
promoting unfairness. In computer science, bias is called algorithmic or artificial intelligence …