Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), an enzyme that is highly expressed in the human liver
and small intestine, plays a major role in the metabolism of a large variety of xenobiotics …

Family planning options, including hormonal contraceptives, are essential for improving
reproductive health among the more than 17 million women living with HIV worldwide. For …

Background The cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoforms are responsible for the metabolism
of a majority of therapeutic compounds, and they are abundant in the intestine and liver …

Purpose. To determine whether female sex-steroid hormones and their metabolites can
modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and catalytic activity and to investigate P-gp …

Activities of drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are known to change throughout the course
of physical and sexual maturation, with the greatest variability noted during infancy and …

Introduction: Significant advances in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV into a
chronic manageable disease, and millions of women living with HIV now have the …

We conducted an open‐label, steady‐state pharmacokinetic (PK) study of drug interactions
among HIV‐infected women treated with depo‐medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) while …

The effects of a common oral contraceptive preparation on the activity of 7 drug‐
metabolizing enzymes were investigated using the validated Cooperstown 5+ 1 Cocktail. In …

Aims Atorvastatin is known to both inhibit and induce the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
enzyme in vitro. Some clinical studies indicate that atorvastatin inhibits CYP3A4 but there …

Nearly 50 years ago, the introduction of Enovid©(norethynodrel 10 μg and mestranol 150
μg), which provided convenient and reliable contraception, revolutionized birth control …