Exosomes are 30–100 nm microvesicles which contain complex cellular signals of RNA,
protein and lipids. Because of this, exosomes are implicated as having limitless therapeutic …

Membrane lipids and proteins are non-randomly distributed and are unable to diffuse freely
in the plane of the membrane. This is because of multiple constraints imposed both by the …

Despite high expression levels at the plasma membrane or in intracellular vesicles,
tetraspanins remain among the most mysterious transmembrane molecules 20 years after …

Macrophages are essential for HIV-1 pathogenesis and represent major viral reservoirs.
Therefore, it is critical to understand macrophage infection, especially in tissue …

Virions are thought to contain all the essential proteins that govern virus egress from the host
cell and initiation of replication in the target cell. It has been known for some time that …

The tetraspanin transmembrane proteins have emerged as key players in malignancy, the
immune system, during fertilization and infectious disease processes. Tetraspanins engage …

Background Infectious entry of human papillomaviruses into their host cells is an important
step in the viral life cycle. For cell binding these viruses use proteoglycans as initial …

VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, receptors for leukocyte integrins, are recruited to cell–cell contact sites
on the apical membrane of activated endothelial cells. In this study, we show that this …

Efficient transduction tools are a hallmark for both research and therapy development. Here,
we introduce new insights into the generation of lentiviral vectors with improved …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry is dependent on CD81. To investigate whether the CD81
sequence is a determinant of HCV host range, we expressed a panel of diverse CD81 …