On a global scale, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most frequent causes of pleural
effusions. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has evolved and what was …

Background Although the evidence base regarding the use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) when testing respiratory samples is well …

Abstract Background and Objective: In countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB),
clinicians often diagnose tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) by using diagnostic tests, which …

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is frequently a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It
is a common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV/AIDS and other …

Objective Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a useful diagnostic test for
tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), but its exact threshold and accuracy in clinical decision …

Approximately 1.5 million people develop a pleural effusion in the United States each year.
1 There are many different causes of pleural effusions (Box 1). When a patient is seen who …

Although it is curable, tuberculosis remains one of the most frequent causes of pleural
effusions on a global scale, especially in developing countries. Tuberculous pleural effusion …

Sensitive early detection, along with effective treatments and solid postoperative monitoring
remain the grand challenges in fighting against human diseases, especially cancer.(1) In …

Tuberculous effusion is a common disease entity with a spectrum of presentations from a
largely benign effusion, which resolves completely, to a complicated effusion with …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly diverse nanoscale membrane-bound structures
released from different cell types into the extracellular environment. They play essential …