Despite the complexity and heterogeneity of mood disorders, basic and clinical research
studies have begun to elucidate the pathophysiology of depression and to identify rapid …

The history of ketamine and phencyclidine from their development as potential clinical
anaesthetics through drugs of abuse and animal models of schizophrenia to potential …

ObjectiveAlthough monoaminergic-targeted drugs have prompted great advances in the
development of treatments for depression, the need for new options persists, since these …

Despite the revolution in recent decades regarding monoamine involvement in the
management of major depressive disorder (MDD), the biological mechanisms underlying …

Major depression is a common, recurrent mental illness that affects millions of people
worldwide. Recently, a unique fast neuroprotective and antidepressant treatment effect has …

Large 'real world'studies demonstrating the limited effectiveness and slow onset of clinical
response associated with our existing antidepressant medications has highlighted the need …

Handling is a well-known source of stress to laboratory animals and can affect variability of
results and even compromise animal welfare. The conventional tail handling in mice has …

Ketamine, functioning as a channel blocker of the excitatory glutamate-gated N-methyl-d-
aspartate (NMDA) receptors, displays compelling fast-acting and sustained antidepressant …

Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are chronic and
recurrent illnesses that cause significant disability and affect approximately 350 million …

Accumulating evidence implicates dysregulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the
pathophysiology of depression. However, the effects of ketamine on synaptic plasticity and …