Many classical therapeutants are going to be banned in Europe, and an urgent need for
alternatives is emerging. This issue can be exemplified by one major parasitic disease in …

Vaccination plays an important role in large-scale commercial fish farming and has been a
key reason for the success of salmon cultivation. In addition to salmon and trout, commercial …

There is a strong and growing need to monitor stress biomarkers in human beings and
animals for real-time wellness assessment, which is a key indicator of health. Toward this …

Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus are the two common species of sealice
responsible for serious disease problems in salmonid aquaculture. L. salmonis in particular …

Tissue trauma or invasion by pathogens or parasites induce changes in the quantities of
several macromolecules in animal body fluids. These changes comprise one aspect of the …

Marine aquaculture relies on coastal habitats that will be affected by climate change. This
review assesses current knowledge of the threats and opportunities of climate change for …

Gilthead seabream specimens were subjected to an intense short-term crowding stress of
100kg m− 3for 2h. After 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, blood glucose and serum cortisol levels, serum …

In fish all the pre‐requisites to mount a specific immune response are present, but the main
differences from the mammalian system are that the secondary response is relatively minor …

The study was conducted to determine the associations between water availability and
management practises with pond water parameters in small-scale aquaculture in arid areas …

1. Introduction 2. Effects of Stressors on the Immune Response 2.1. Suppressive Versus
Enhancing Effects 2.2. Perception of Stress After Immune Stimulation: Systemic Versus …