The biology of the human brain, and in particular the dynamic interactions between the
numerous cell types and regions of the central nervous system, has been difficult to study …

An insult to the brain (such as the first seizure) causes excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and
production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). ROS and RNS produced during …

Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant primary adult human brain tumour.
Diagnosis of glioblastoma carries a dismal prognosis. Treatment resistance and tumour …

Microglia are the main resident immune-competent cell type of the central nervous system
(CNS); these cells are highly sensitive to subtle changes in the chemical environment of the …

Microglia are the main immune cells in the brain, playing a role in both physiological and
pathological conditions. Microglial involvement in neurodegenerative diseases is well …

A majority, if not all, acute and progressive neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied
by local microglia‐mediated inflammation, astrogliosis, infiltration of immune cells, and …

Catecholamines and adipokines function as hormones; catecholamines as
neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system, and adipokines as mediators of …

The development of agents that can modulate microglial activation has been suggested as
one potential strategy for the treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Among …

Background MicroRNA (miRNA) expression in the brain is altered in neurodegenerative
diseases. Recent studies demonstrated that selected miRNAs conventionally regulating …

Neuron-microglia co-cultures treated with pro-inflammatory agents are a useful tool to study
neuroinflammation in vitro, where to test the potential neuroprotective effect of anti …