The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive and compensatory mechanism preserving cardiac
output during detrimental stimuli. Nevertheless, long-term stimuli incite chronic hypertrophy …

Among the myriad of intracellular signaling networks that govern the cardiac development
and pathogenesis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are prominent players that …

The MAP kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways play fundamental roles in a wide range of
cellular processes and are often deregulated in disease states. One major mode of action for …

The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To
maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with …

The field of cardiac tissue engineering has made significant strides over the last few
decades, highlighted by the development of human cell derived constructs that have shown …

Here we identified growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)(also known as MIC-1), a
secreted member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, as a novel …

Background—Age is a major risk for cardiovascular diseases. Although mitochondrial
reactive oxygen species have been proposed as one of the causes of aging, their role in …

Adrenergic receptors (AR) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have a crucial role
in cardiac physiology in health and disease. Alpha1-ARs signal through G α q, and signaling …

The increasing use of nanotechnology in consumer products and medical applications
underlies the importance of understanding its potential toxic effects to people and the …