Ticks are ectoparasitic arthropods that necessarily feed on the blood of their vertebrate
hosts. The success of blood acquisition depends on the pharmacological properties of tick …

Autophagy is a degradative pathway for cytoplasmic constituents, and is conserved across
eukaryotes. Autophagy-related (ATG) genes have undergone extensive multiplications and …

Background: The myocardium is susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage
in sepsis, and cardiac dysfunction is a leading cause of mortality in patients with sepsis. The …

Tick-borne diseases are a significant threat to human and animal health throughout the
world. How tick-borne pathogens successfully infect and disseminate in both their vertebrate …

Apoptosis is an innate immune response induced by infection in eukaryotes that contributes
significantly to protection from pathogens. However, little is known about the role of …

Approximately 80 identified tick species are recognized as vectors and impact global public
health by transmitting a wide range of pathogens; however, little is known about the …

Purpose: Flea-borne rickettsioses, collectively referred to as a term for etiological agents
Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia typhi, and RFLOs (R. felis-like organisms), has become a public …

To assess the immune potential of spiders, in the present study juvenile and adult females of
Parasteatoda tepidariorum were exposed to Bacillus subtilis infection, injury by a nylon …

In this study, we explore the adaptive mechanisms through which the tick Rhipicephalus
microplus can deal with a period of starvation, using as a model the BME26 cell line. Our …

Rickettsia parkeri, a member of the spotted fever group Rickettsia, is a pathogen that can be
maintained and transmitted by Amblyomma maculatum. The geographic distribution of this …