The highly complex and heterogenous ecosystem of a tumour not only contains malignant
cells, but also interacting cells from the host such as endothelial cells, stromal fibroblasts …

In recent decades, the increasing interest in the field of immunotherapy has fostered an
intense investigation of the breast cancer (BC) immune microenvironment. In this context …

Tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) in breast cancer (BC) have previously been associated with
improved clinical outcomes; however, their roles in tumor immunity are not currently well …

Evidence is strengthening for the morphological evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
(TILs) in breast cancer. Herein, the concepts for TILs assessment are laid out by pathologists …

Host immunity recognizes and eliminates most early tumor cells, yet immunological
checkpoints, exemplified by CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, pose a significant obstacle to …

Background The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the
prognostic value of total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and subtypes of TILs (CD4+ …

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer plays important roles
in tumor behavior and treatment response, making its pathologic assessment critical for …

Purpose: Antibodies specific for inhibitory checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown
impressive results against solid tumors. This has fueled interest in novel immunotherapy …

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with prognosis in various tumors.
However, it remains controversial whether the presence of TILs is related to an improved …

Abstract Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory molecule that limits
antitumor immune activity. Targeting of PD-L1 and other immune checkpoint proteins has …