Summary This Tansley Insight focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how
flowers manipulate physical forces to attract animal pollinators and ensure reproductive …

Butterflies and moths are conspicuous flower visitors but their role in plant-pollinator
interactions has rarely been quantified, especially in tropical rainforests. Moreover, we have …

The nectar spur is an important feature of pollination and ecological adaptation in flowering
plants, and it is a key innovation to promote species diversity in certain plant lineages. The …

Since the time of Darwin, biologists have considered the floral nectar spur to be an
adaptation representing a high degree of plant specialization. Nevertheless, some …

Many tropical plants are pollinated by birds and several bird phylogenetical lineages have
specialised to a nectar diet. The long‐assumed, intimate ecological and evolutionary …

Background Spur, a structure capable of producing and storing nectar, not only plays a vital
role in the pollination process but also promotes the rapid diversification of some plant …

The bird pollination systems of the New and Old Worlds evolved independently, and differ in
many aspects. New World plants are often presented as those adapted to hovering birds …

Abstract Background and Aims Floral diversity as a result of plant–pollinator interactions can
evolve by two distinct processes: shifts between pollination systems or divergent use of the …

Floral variation among closely related species is thought to often reflect differences in
pollination systems. Flowers of the large genus Impatiens are characterized by extensive …

Pollination biology in the widespread species Impatiens capensis Meerb. has only been
studied in America, specifically in zones of the USA and Canada. In this study, we …